Antenatal Hydronephrosis in Children: Understanding the Condition
Antenatal hydronephrosis is a condition identified during pregnancy through an ultrasound scan. It refers to the swelling of a baby’s kidney due to various factors. Fortunately, in most cases, the condition resolves on its own without any medical intervention. However, a pediatric urologist consultation is warranted when this condition is first diagnosed on antenatal scans. Close monitoring and follow-up during the rest of the pregnancy and after the child birth by the pediatric urologist is essential to ensure the baby’s well-being.
What Is Antenatal Hydronephrosis?
Antenatal hydronephrosis occurs when there is swelling in one or both of the baby’s kidneys while still in the mother’s womb. This condition is detected during routine prenatal ultrasound scans. Studies show that approximately 60-80% of cases normalize on their own with observation, while the remaining 20% may require medical or surgical intervention based on the severity and underlying causes.
Causes of Antenatal Hydronephrosis
The condition may be caused by:
Transient Hydronephrosis: A temporary blockage or swelling that resolves on its own.
Pelviureteric Junction Obstruction (PUJO): A blockage at the junction of the kidney and ureter.
Vesicoureteric Reflux (VUR): A condition where urine flows backward from the bladder to the kidneys.
Posterior Urethral Valves (PUV): Abnormal tissue in the urethra causing obstruction.
Other structural abnormalities in the urinary tract.
Symptoms of Antenatal Hydronephrosis
Usually, this condition itself does not cause symptoms during pregnancy.
It is identified as swelling in the kidney and urinary tract during an antenatal scan.
In cases where both the fetal kidneys are involved, sometimes this can lead to a reduction of amniotic fluid thereby hampering kidney, lung and fetal growth.
Post-birth, follow-up is crucial by a pediatric urologist to treat the condition and avoid any complications.
Diagnosis and Monitoring
Once antenatal hydronephrosis is detected, the child requires monitoring after birth. Diagnostic tools and follow-ups may include:
Repeat ultrasounds to assess kidney swelling.
Additional radiological and blood tests to evaluate kidney function and identify underlying causes.
Treatment Options
Treatment for antenatal hydronephrosis varies based on the cause and severity:
Observation: Most cases resolve by the end of pregnancy or within the first year of life without any intervention.
Medical Management: In some cases, antibiotics may be prescribed to prevent infections.
Surgical Intervention: If the condition persists or worsens, surgery may be required to correct issues such as PUJO or PUV.
Importance of Expert Care
Managing antenatal hydronephrosis requires specialized care from a Pediatric Urologist. Early diagnosis and appropriate intervention ensure the best outcomes for the child.
Contact Us
If you have concerns about antenatal hydronephrosis or wish to learn more about treatment options, you can choose to consult Dr Prabhu Karunakaran, Consultant Pediatric Urologist and Robotic Surgeon in Hyderabad. For more information or to book an appointment, visit www.drprabhukarunakaran.com.