Undescended testes, or cryptorchidism, is a condition where one or both testicles are not positioned in their normal location within the scrotum. This condition is relatively common and requires careful evaluation and management to prevent potential complications.

Causes of Undescended Testes

The exact cause of undescended testes is multifactorial and involves a combination of:

• Genetic Factors: Genetic mutations or variations may interfere with normal testicular descent during fetal development.
• Environmental Factors: Certain environmental exposures during pregnancy may contribute to the condition.
• Maternal Factors: Lifestyle and dietary factors during pregnancy can also play a role.

Symptoms of Undescended Testes

Key signs and symptoms to watch for include:

• Absence of Testes in the Scrotum:
  • One or both testicles may be missing from their usual position.
• Associated Abnormalities:
  • Abnormal appearance of the foreskin and penis.
  • Abnormal positioning of the urinary opening on the undersurface of the penis (hypospadias).
  • Ambiguous genitalia in rare cases.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis typically involves:

• Physical Examination: A pediatric urologist will assess the scrotum and surrounding areas.
• Imaging Tests: Ultrasound or rarely MRI may be used to locate the testis if it is not palpable.
• Hormonal Tests: In specific cases, tests may be performed to evaluate hormone levels and assess testicular function.

Treatment Options

The treatment for undescended testes depends on the child’s age, associated conditions, and the location of the testis. Common approaches include:

1. Observation:
   • In some cases, the testicle may descend on its own during the first few months of life without intervention up to 9-12 months of age.
2. Surgical Intervention (Orchiopexy):
   • Surgery is the primary treatment to reposition the undescended testicle in the scrotum.
   • Typically performed between 6 and 12 months of age.
   • May involve a single-stage or two-stage procedure, depending on the position and condition of the testicle.
3. Management of Associated Conditions:
   • If other abnormalities are present, such as hypospadias or ambiguous genitalia, additional surgical procedures may be required.

Importance of Early Treatment

Early intervention by a Pediatric Urologist is critical to:

• Preserve fertility.
• Reduce the risk of testicular cancer.
• Prevent complications such as inguinal hernias or testicular torsion.
• Ensure normal development of the scrotum and genital area.

If you suspect your child has undescended testes or notice any abnormalities, consult a pediatric urologist promptly for an evaluation.

For expert care, contact: Dr. Prabhu Karunakaran, Consultant Pediatric Urologist and Robotic Surgeon, Hyderabad.

Book an Appointment: https://drprabhukarunakaran.com/appointment-form/